Three kinds of Mutual Exclusion:
Mutual exclusion among different process contexts
Semaphore: down, up
Mutex: mutex_lock, mutex_unlock
Preempt disable: preempt_disable, preempt_enable
Mutual exclusion among different interrupt contexts
Hardware interrupt disable: local_irq_disable, local_irq_enable
Software interrupt disable: local_bh_disable, local_bh_enable
Mutual exclusion among different CPUs
Spin lock: spin_lock, spin_unlock
Read write spin lock: write_lock_irq, write_unlock_irq
Atomic operation: atomic_read, atomic_write
Sequence Lock: write_seqlock, write_sequnlock
RCU( Read Copy Update ): rcu_read_lock, rcu_read_unlock
Memory barrier: mb, wmb
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